You need to make sure you memorize where the Coal, Ore, and Stone areas are to begin with. Familiarize yourself with the immediate area around you, look for various drilling locations, and maybe get a glimpse of where the enemy forces are based. The first thing you need to do is go for a walk.
Once you have gotten into the game itself, you will find yourself in a woody grassy area. So to help all you new players out, I've written this ultimate beginner guide to Factorio to give you a helping hand and a good place to launch into your own game. Factorio does not let the builder fan in me down - but my starting game was definitely a process of trial and error.